19th Century

• Balkan Orthodox churches gaining autocephaly (19th century)
• The Industrial Revolution, laissez-faire and the Christian response to the social crisis (19th century) (19th century)
• Napoleon's Concordat and the captivity of Pius VII (1801–1814)
• The Second Great Awakening and the Restoration Movement in the US (1801 – early 19th c.)
• The expansion of Protestant and Catholic foreign missions in the 19th century (1806–1899)
• The Clapham Sect, Wilberforce and the abolition of slavery in the British Empire (1807–1833) (1807–1833)
• Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)
• The Papal States, the Risorgimento and the fall of Rome (1815–1870) (1815–1870)
• Slavery, schisms in American churches, and the rise of Black churches (1816–1861)
• New religious movements in America: Mormons, Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Christian Science (1818–1915)
• The execution of Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople (1821)
• Albrecht Ritschl and liberal Protestant theology (1822–1889)
• The Oxford Movement and John Henry Newman's conversion to Catholicism (1833–1845)
• Historical criticism and the "quest for the historical Jesus": from Strauss to Schweitzer (1835–1906)
• Karl Marx, the “Communist Manifesto” (1848) and “Capital” (1848–1894)
• Catholics and the labour question: Ketteler, Manning and the Knights of Labor (1848–1891) (1848–1891)
• The Christian Socialists: Maurice, Kingsley and Ludlow (1848–1854) (1848–1854)
• The dogma of the Immaculate Conception (the bull Ineffabilis Deus) (1854)
• Darwin's Origin of Species and theologians' response (1859 and 1871)
• Urban revivalism and the Social Gospel in the United States (1861–1918)
• Pope Pius IX's Syllabus of Errors (1864)
• The First Vatican Council, the dogma of papal infallibility, and the Old Catholic schism (1869–1871)
• The Kulturkampf in Germany (1871–1878)
• The discovery of the Didache in Istanbul (1875)
• Leo XIII's encyclicals (Aeterni Patris, Rerum Novarum, Providentissimus Deus) and the condemnation of Catholic modernism (1878–1899)
• Thomism from Leo XIII to Ressourcement Thomism: Aeterni Patris, Nouvelle théologie, retrieval (from 1879)
• The “New Theology” and the Andover controversy (1880–1892) (1880–1892)
• Christianity in Korea: from the Catholics of 1781 to the revival and megachurches (from 1885 (Catholics from 1781))
• Adolf von Harnack and liberal theology ("What is Christianity?") (1886–1900)
• The Azusa Street revival and the rise of Pentecostalism (c. 1900–1914)
• The Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy in the US; the Niagara Bible Conference (turn of the 20th century (1890s–1930s))