1801 – early 19th c.

The Second Great Awakening and the Restoration Movement in the US

A mass camp meeting at Cane Ridge, Kentucky in 1801 drew an estimated 20,000–30,000 people. It became a landmark event of the Second Great Awakening. The Awakening spread across the American frontier and drove rapid growth among Baptist and Methodist churches.

Riding this wave, Barton Stone and Thomas and Alexander Campbell led a movement to "restore" New Testament Christianity. It rejected denominational divisions in favor of unity on the Bible alone. The Churches of Christ and the Christian churches grew out of it.