1933–1985

Orthodox trinitarian theology in the twentieth century: Bulgakov, Lossky, Zizioulas

Papanikolaou: after the fall of Constantinople (1453) the Orthodox theological tradition "hibernated" for nearly 400 years under Ottoman rule and awoke in the nineteenth century when Russian thinkers began responding to the ideas that flooded in from the West after the reforms of Peter the Great; the shared axiom became divine–human communion, with the doctrine of the Trinity as its conceptual expression, yet this produced three partly incompatible trajectories: the sophiology of Sergius Bulgakov, the apophaticism of Vladimir Lossky and the communion ontology of John Zizioulas.